For years I have dreamed of making the most culture-fair IQ test possible and then venturing into the Australian Outback, the African jungles, and the Canadian arctic and testing the natives. Sadly, the coronavirus has derailed those plans from happening, but I was excited to read about similar research published by J.W. Berry in 1966 and 1971. Berry tested five different “races” (Scotts, Eskimos, New Guinean aboriginals, Australian aboriginals, the Temne), each reared in two types of environments (Traditional vs Transitional) on at least three different tests (Khos Block Design, Embedded Figures, and Ravens Matrices).




Ethnic group
Traditional environment
Khos Block Design
Traditional environment
 Embedded Figures
Traditional environment
Matrices
Transitional environment
Khos Block Design
Transitional environment
Embedded Figures
Transitional environment Matrices
 Scotts
 IQ 97  IQ 92 IQ 92 IQ 97 IQ 97 IQ 97
 Eskimos IQ 91  IQ 92 IQ 82 IQ 97 IQ 96 IQ 90
 New Guinea (Indigene) IQ 59 IQ 41 IQ 39 IQ 84 IQ 87 IQ 81
 Australian aboriginal IQ 73 IQ 81 IQ 71 IQ 78 IQ 83 IQ 75
 Temne IQ 57 IQ 41 IQ 33 IQ 62 IQ 49 IQ 36
IQ were calculated by converting raw scores into Z scores using the mean and standard deviation of the transitional Scottish (Edinburgh) sample (table 7 of Berry, 1966)) and then multiplying by 15 (the standard deviation for IQ) and adding 97 (the estimated IQ of Scotland). The raw scores for the Scottish, Eskimo and Temne samples were also found in table 7 of Berry 1966 and and the raw scores for the New Guinean Indigene and Australian aboriginal samples was found in table 2 of Berry 1971; scores of men and women were averaged. The IQ gap between the highest and lowest scoring samples might be exaggerated by the fact that the distribution has not been normalized. On the other hand, the raw scores from which IQ were calculated were based on ages 10 to 70 combined into one sample which tends to inflate the standard deviation and thus minimize IQ gaps.

The absurdly low IQ of some groups on some tests highlights the challenge of creating “culture fair” tests that give credible results. While the low scores on Block Design might be explained by a combination of genetics and severe malnutrition (Sierra Leon men are 2.82 standard deviations shorter than their Black American counterparts), the sub-50 IQ means on Embedded figures and sub-40 IQ means on Matrices leaves little doubt that at least those two tests are culturally biased.